Method of manufacturing concrete



comma R PLASTIC. 9 '0 r7 n a Patented Dec. 20, 1932 1,891,701

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE KASPAR WINKLER, OF ZURICH, SWITZERLAND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING CONCRETE No Drawing. Application filed August 14, 1930, Serial No. 475,381, and in Germany February 25, 1929.

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.This invention relates to amethod of makthat a certain girl: of the clinker remains ing Portland cement, electrocement and sperou h rained. Clinkers of various cemfits cial cement or mortar or concrete made with may i; ground together or combined after these cements resistant to water, of advancin grindin thgggtting, increasing the hardness and chec- It has also been found that the compact- 5 ing shrinkage. ness and resistance of mortar and concrete.

It has long been known that the destrucagainst'the was referred to can bestill furtion of Portland cement and concrete buildther increased if the above-mentioned clinker ings is principally due to the action of cergains are also previously treated with solu- 10 tain waters. Among these waters are acid tions of compoundsot alkahes and alkaline containing effluents from factories, and earth metals, tor example. sodium or aTummground and mountain waters containing cal- 'um )hos hate compounds or solutions of cium sulphate, magnesium sulphate and the HUOIIHQ (0111)0Ul1dS or solutions of oxalic like or free carbonic acid either alone or in acn' on s sa ts or are subjected to the ac ion mixtures. l/Vater poor in chalk and sea water of the va wars of fluorine-containin acids C5 have shown themselves particularly active. and MW Finally thermal waters, particularly such as The effect of the immunization against atcontain sulphates have a particularly detritacking substances and the st engtiififiglie mental action on Portland cement and concement or mortar or concrete can be s crete. henirmiiasedand ettin can be ac r- Efl'orts have already been made to make ated if the r g n re; 15 treated Portland cement resistant to these waters by witwmore of t r V vemggitloned submeans of chemically known or unknown addistances in succession and dried and added, tions. For this purpose trass especially has to the been suggested. Under suitable conditions cement use in the ordinary grinding and an addition of trass may produce the desired made into mortar or concrete. efiect, but in most cases it fails. In all cases These said effects can be still further inthe effect of trass only begins after some creased by mixturesof the clinkers prepared months. as described being mixed with the cement used Additions of tar, bitumen, fats and oils in i the ordinar rindin [his last method unchanged or in soluble form (mixed-with has the advantage tliat-theimmunization and alkalies) if necessary mixed with powdered especially a very ra id setting and increase stone, etc. and sulphates mostly produce aconin hardness of the cement can be morere=- siderable deterioration in the mortar and conliably regulated.

crete and these are either not at all or quite The said regulation may, in certain cases, 53 insufficiently immunized by these additions. be obtained with greater certainty if instead It has now been found that Portland of a part of the ingredients other materials, cement mortar and concrete mm for example, those mentioned below, are Portland cement become very resistant to treated with the above-mentioned substances,

these waters if a part of the fine grained maare dried and added to the cement used in 99 terial (sand) is re laced b ordinar Porordinary grinc mg, eit ier wit or without m clinker or c m er rom ot er sand or sandy gravel and treated with it. cemen or c 1n *er rom a wea; v ivc rating Such substances are ground building sand burnt cement, with a gram of about 0.15 to 2 mmS- owdered stone. umice stone tuf'flsla or more. Th'e sett1iig 1s con'sfcTer ably ihi- 0r unburnt marl liauxiteloam wh1cli preferproved, the hardness is increased and shrinkably are soaked w1tli the above mentioned age is checked. solutions, then dried and added to the clinker The desired content of rough-grained or the cement. ravel and stone. trass or kiesclinker in the cement can be obtained by el 'uhr IlC anc ciamo e W are a grinding the cement in a suitable manner so sor en an o ers. e previous treatment of the ingredients takes the place of the treatment of the rough grained clinker.

Rapid or two rapid setting is prevented by precipitating organic or inorganic material which may be capable of swelling directly on the coarse grained clinker or other ingredients. This treatment makes the mortar and concrete more resistant to moisture.

The settin may, on the other hand be accelerated by treating the clinker or other TIT gredients with solutions of metallic hlo- IjdeS, alkali and alkaline earth lves, carbonafe's, SlllClC acfi andfor aluminium compounds or erinan anate.

Instead oi. previously treating the ingredients with solutions of the substances concerned (compounds of alkali or alkaline earth metals and the like) as described above, these substances, or some of them may be mixed i1 1 tl 1 e d ry stat e vv ith the clinker grains or the other ingredients. V

In this case the materials with which the clinker or the ingredient is to be treated may be added directly to the raw material of the cement and burned together with this to a greater or less extent according to the re quirements as regards the end product or according to the material used. It may also be added while the original cement material is being burned or towards the end of the burning either in solution or in a dry state. In this method of treatment the efiectof the separate substances for the purpose of the invention may become greater.

What I claim is 1. A method of manufacturing special cement, comprising mixing cement with an addition of clinker of comparatively rough grain, said clinker having been previously treated with a compound selected from a group consisting of alkali compounds, alkaline earth compounds, oxalic acid, oxalates and fluorine-containing compounds.

2. A method of manufacturing special cement as described in claim 1 in which inert materials are treated together with clinker grains and added to the cement.

3. A method of manufacturing special concrete comprising mixing cement with clinker having a grain of 0.15 to 2 mm. to an amount above the usual cement norms, which is first treated with materials selected from a group consisting of alkali compounds, alkaline earth compounds, oxalic acid, oxalates and fluorine-containing compounds.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto set my hand this 29th day of July, 1930.

KASPAR WINKLER. 

